How HIV AIDS can be transmitted in Infants?

Transmission of HIV infection from mother to child is a major cause of HIV infection in children under 15 years of age. Since HIV is a pandemic in the world, an estimated 5.1 million children in the world are infected with HIV. Most of the patients are infected through mother-to-child transmission.

Perinatal period. Women are often infected with HIV through heterosexual intercourse with an infected partner or through the use of drugs. Increased HIV infection in children is due to the result of transmission during the perinatal period (pregnancy, during and after childbirth). More than 90% of AIDS in children were reported in 1994 occurred due to child transmission of ibuhamil. Transmission to the baby can occur during pregnancy, childbirth, or postnatally through breastfeeding.

Transmission in utero diagnosed if negative virological examination within the first 48 hours after birth, the first week of the next test to be positive and bayitidak breastfeeding mother. During birth the baby can be infected blood or vaginal fluid containing HIV through exposure to the virus is ingested in the birth canal. In women who are infected with HIV, the virus was found in 21% of vaginal fluid, aspiration of gastric fluid in bayiyang born. The amount of exposure in the birth canal is strongly influenced by the levels of HIV in genital secretions mother, mode of delivery, cervical or vaginal ulcers, vaginal wall injury, amniotic fluid infection, premature rupture of membranes, preterm labor, the use of electrodes on the head of the fetus, the use of vacuum or forceps, episiotomy and low CD4 levels in the mother.

HIV transmission through breast milk is an important factor of transmission is known post-childbirth and increase the risk of transmission doubled. The risk of HIV transmission through breast milk reaches 5-20 percent. Breast milk is known to contain a lot of HIV in considerable numbers. The concentration of HIV-infected cells in women with HIV is 1 per 104 cells, the virus particles can be found in the cell and non-cell component of breast milk. Various factors can affect the risk of HIV transmission through breastfeeding among others mastitis or nipple, sores in the mouth baby, prematurity and infant immune function. Research has been done to mention the risk of HIV through breast milk tranmissi estimated was 3.2 per 100 children per year. Maternal disease state is also a consideration for HIV-infected mothers have a higher risk of death than non-breastfeeding. WHO, UNICEF and UNAIDS issued recommendations to avoid breast milk infected with HIV if other milk alternatives are available and secure.