Air pollution by particles can be caused by natural events and can also be caused by human activity, through industrial and technological activities. Particles that pollute the air are many kinds and types, depending on the kinds and types of industrial activities and existing technology. Regarding the kinds and types of particulate air pollutants and sources of pollution has many
In general, particles that pollute the air can damage the environment, plants, animals and humans. The particles are very harmful to human health. In general, the air is polluted by particles can cause a variety of respiratory tract disease or pneumoconiosis.
At a time when people breathe in, air containing particles will be inhaled into the lungs. Size particles (dust) that goes into the lungs will determine the position of attachment or deposition of the particles. Particle size of less than 5 microns will be retained in the upper respiratory tract, whereas the particle size of 3 to 5 microns will be stuck in the middle part of the respiratory tract. Smaller particles, 1 to 3 microns, will go into the air sacs of the lungs, attached to the alveoli. Even smaller particles, less than 1 micron, will come out when the breath is exhaled.
Pneumoconiosis is a respiratory disease caused by particles (dust) that enter or settle in the lungs. Pnemokoniosis diseases of many kinds, depending on the type of particles (dust) entering or inhaled into the lungs. Some types of pneumoconiosis diseases that are often found in areas that have many industrial and technological activities, ie silicosis, asbestosis, Byssinosis, Antrakosis and Beriliosis.
1. Disease Silicosis
Silicosis disease caused by silica dust pollution-free, such as SiO2, which is inhaled into the lungs and then settles. Free silica dust is abundant in iron and steel mills, ceramics, concrete casting, metal working workshop (filing, grinding, etc.). Aside from that, there are many Juka silica dust in the place where the cross section of iron ore, tin and coal mines. The use of coal as a fuel also generate a lot of free silica dust SiO2. At the time burned, silica dust will come out and dispersed into the air together - together with other particles, such as dust alumina, iron oxide and carbon in the form of ash.
Silica dust into the lungs will have an incubation period of about 2 to 4 years. The incubation period will be shorter, or symptoms of the disease silicosis will soon appear, if the silica concentration in the air is quite high and inhaled into the lungs in large quantities. Silicosis disease characterized by shortness of breath accompanied by coughing. Ii cough is often not accompanied by phlegm. In silicosis behavior being, symptoms of shortness of breath accompanied by visible and the examination of his lung abnormalities fototoraks easily observed. When the disease silicosis is heavy it will be more severe shortness of breath and then followed by hypertrophy of the right ventricle that would lead to failure of the heart.
Workplace potential for contaminated with silica dust should get health and safety supervision and strict environmental cause silicosis disease, there is no proper cure. Preventive action is more important and meaningful than the treatment action. Disease silicosis would be worse if the patient had previously been suffering from pulmonary tuberculosis, bronchitis, asthma and respiratory diseases broonchiale other.
Supervision and periodic health checks for workers will greatly assist the prevention and control of occupational diseases. Worker health data before entering the work, during work and after work is worth noting for reflection history of workers if any - time required.
2. Disease Asbestosis
Asbestosis is a disease of occupational diseases caused by asbestos dust or fibers that pollute the air. Asbestos is a mixture of various silicates, but the main thing is magnesium silicate. Asbestos dust often found in factories and industries that use asbestos, asbestos fiber spinning mills, factories and other asbestos roof.
Asbestos dust are inhaled into the lungs will cause shortness of breath and cough accompanied by phlegm. Fingertips sufferer will reveal a large / wide. If the sputum examination it will appear presence of asbestos dust in the sputum. The use of asbestos for various purposes would need to be followed by an awareness of safety and environmental health lest this lead to asbestosis.
3. Disease Byssinosis
Byssinosis disease is a disease of pneumoconiosis caused by breathing dust pollution or cotton fibers in the air which is then inhaled into the lungs. Dust cotton or cotton fibers are often found on cotton spinning mills, textile mills, cotton companies and warehousing as well as factory or other works that use cotton or textiles; as a manufacture of mattresses, manufacture seat and so forth.
The incubation period is long enough Byssinosis disease, which is about 5 years. Early signs of this disease Byssinosis of breathlessness, chest feels heavy, especially on Mondays (ie the early days of work on a weekly basis). Psychically every Monday to work with the disease Byssinosis feel a heavy burden on the chest and shortness of breath. Allergic reactions due to the cotton into the respiratory tract is also an early symptom Byssinosis. In Byssinosis already advanced or severe, the disease is usually followed by chronic bronchitis and emphysema may also be accompanied with.
4. Disease Antrakosis
Antrakosis disease is a respiratory disease caused by coal dust. The disease is usually found in the coal mine workers or the workers that involve the use of coal, such as coal pengumpa the iron furnace, locomotives (stoker) and also in coal-powered ships, as well as workers in the central boiler-fired Power Plant coal.
The incubation period of the disease is between 2-4 years. As with any disease silicosis and other pneumokonisosi diseases, diseases antrakosis also characterized by a feeling of suffocation. Because the coal dust is sometimes also contained the silicate dust antrakosis disease is often accompanied by disease silicosis. When this happens, the disease is called silikoantrakosis. Antrakosis disease there are three kinds, namely pure antrakosis disease, illness and disease silikoantraksosis tuberkolosilikoantrakosis.
Pure antrakosis disease caused coal dust. This disease requires a long time to be heavy, and relatively not so dangerous. Antrakosis disease becomes severe when accompanied by complications or emphysema that allows the death. If it happens then antrakosis pure emphysema heavier than silikoantraksosis relatively rarely followed by emphysema. Actually between pure and silikoantraksosi antrakosis indistinguishable, except from the source of the cause. While paenyakit tuberkolosilikoantrakosis more easily distinguished from the other two antrakosis disease. This difference is easily seen from fototorak who showed abnormalities in the lungs as a result of coal dust and silicate dust, and also the presence of the bacillus tuberculosis which attacks the lungs.
5. Disease Beriliosis
Air contaminated by beryllium metal dust, either in the form of pure metals, oxides, sulfates, or in the form halogenida, can cause respiratory disease called beriliosis. The metal dust can cause nasoparingtis, bronchitis and pneumonitis which is characterized by symptoms of slight fever, dry cough and shortness of breath. Beriliosis disease can occur in industrial workers who use beryllium alloys, copper, workers at the factory fluorescent, radio tube manufacturing plant and also the material processing workers supporting the nuclear industry.
In addition, workers who use a lot of zinc (in the form of silicate) and also manganese, can also cause disease beriliosis delayed or delayed berryliosis also called chronic beriliosis. This delayed effect could be a 5 years after stopping breathe air polluted by the metal dust. So five years after the worker is no longer in the environment containing the metal dust, beriliosis disease may arise. The disease is characterized by symptoms of tiredness, weight decreased and shortness of breath. Therefore, periodic health checks for workers involved with workers using these metals should be carried out continuously - constantly.
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